Masonry Cathedral of the Exaltation of the Cross 1689-1709. The construction of the main temple of the monastery was carried out at the expense of several Poltava colonels and two Ukrainian hetmans Ivan Samoilovych and Ivan Mazepa. The Cathedral acquired its final architectural appearance after the Poltava period of the Great Northern War at the expense of Vasyl Kochubei, the son of Vasyl Leontiiovych Kochubei, the judge general of the Zaporizhzhya Army.
The area of the Cathedral is 366 square meters, the length is 30 meters, the height to the central bath is 28 meters. The set of decoration methods and their arrangement correspond to the early Ukrainian Baroque style.
Khrestovozdvyzhenskyi cathedral of Poltava monastery is the only one on the left bank of Ukraine existing until the present which has seven domes of cylindrical form.