The first railway in Poltava appeared in 1870 thanks to an agreement between the tsarist government and the German baron von Sternberg. Poltava station (now “Poltava – South railway station”) was put into operation in the summer of 1871 and then continued to Kharkiv. At the end of 1872 the railway connected Kharkiv, Poltava, Kremenchuk with the seaport of Odesa and Mykolaiv. Poltava – Kyivska station was created in 1901 with the construction of the Kyiv - Poltava - Lozova railway. It was called Poltava Station, after revolution 1917 it got its modern name «Poltava-Kyiv» railway station.
"Poltava-Kyiv" railway station connects with "Poltava-South" railway station by trolleybus route №1. This route, opened in 1962, started trolleybus traffic in Poltava.